Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Multiple other organ systems can be affected in IBD, including the bones and joints, skin, eyes, hepatobiliary system, lungs, and kidneys.These are called extraintestinal manifestations of IBD, and they can occur prior to, in conjunction with, or subsequent to active bowel disease. The overall prevalence of any extraintestinal manifestation in IBD patients ranges from 21%–40%.In most large studies of IBD, the prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations is higher in Crohn's disease compared with ulcerative colitis. There may also be racial differences in prevalence, with blacks having a higher risk for eye and joint manifestations, and Hispanics having a higher risk for skin manifestations, compared with whites.

Common Extraintestinal Manifestations of IBD

Musculoskeletal

* Peripheral arthritis
* Sacroiliitis
* Ankylosing spondylitis
* Osteoporosis

Dermatologic

* Erythema nodosum
* Pyoderma gangrenosum
* Aphthous stomatitis

Ocular

* Uveitis
* Scleritis
* Episcleritis

Hepatobiliary Disease

* Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Vascular

* Thromboembolic events

Renal

* Nephrolithiasis