Lipoproteins and Inflammation

Lipoproteins are amphipathic molecules that encompass lipids and facilitate their transport in hydrophilic substances, such as the bloodstream. High-density lipoprotein (HDL), one of the five groups of lipoproteins, carries about 30% of blood cholesterol. High levels of HDL-bound cholesterol have been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases, while low HDL has been linked to an increased risk for heart disease. All of the logic behind this is unknown, however the metabolic review article links this effect to its anti-inflammatory effects. Excess lipids undergo oxidation, and can induce inflammation in the liver and other organs. This can lead to many, many problems. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory defense balance inflammation, however if overwhelmed can fail. HDL is very useful in maintaining the inflammation balance because it can increase anti-inflammatory effects and decrease genes with pro-inflammatory products, by decreasing their oxidation.